Almost all consumer grade inverters that are sold as a "pure sine wave inverter" do not produce a smooth sine wave output at all, just a less choppy output than the square wave (two-step) and modified sine wave (three-step) inverters. To more clearly distinguish the inverters with outputs of much less distortion than the modified sine wave (three-step) inverter designs, the manufacturers often use the phrase pure sine wave inverter. Square wave Ī power inverter device that produces a multiple step sinusoidal AC waveform is referred to as a sine wave inverter. The second method converts DC to AC at battery level and uses a line-frequency transformer to create the output voltage. There are two basic designs for producing household plug-in voltage from a lower-voltage DC source, the first of which uses a switching boost converter to produce a higher-voltage DC and then converts to AC. IEEE Standard 519 recommends less than 5% THD for systems connecting to a power grid. Technical standards for commercial power distribution grids require less than 3% THD in the wave shape at the customer's point of connection. A 50% duty cycle (on half of the time) square wave is equivalent to a sine wave with 48% THD. One measure of the purity of a sine wave is the total harmonic distortion (THD). Common types of inverters produce square waves or quasi-square waves. Hundreds of thousands of volts, where the inverter is part of a high-voltage direct current power transmission system.Īn inverter may produce a square wave, modified sine wave, pulsed sine wave, pulse width modulated wave (PWM) or sine wave depending on circuit design.300 to 450 V DC, when power is from electric vehicle battery packs in vehicle-to-grid systems.200 to 400 V DC, when power is from photovoltaic solar panels.24, 36 and 48 V DC, which are common standards for home energy systems.12 V DC, for smaller consumer and commercial inverters that typically run from a rechargeable 12 V lead acid battery or automotive electrical outlet.The input voltage depends on the design and purpose of the inverter. Input and output Input voltage Ī typical power inverter device or circuit requires a stable DC power source capable of supplying enough current for the intended power demands of the system. 6.3 Rectifier and inverter pulse numbers.Circuits that perform the opposite function, converting AC to DC, are called rectifiers. Power inverters are primarily used in electrical power applications where high currents and voltages are present circuits that perform the same function for electronic signals, which usually have very low currents and voltages, are called oscillators. Static inverters do not use moving parts in the conversion process. The inverter does not produce any power the power is provided by the DC source.Ī power inverter can be entirely electronic or may be a combination of mechanical effects (such as a rotary apparatus) and electronic circuitry. The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. Inverters do the opposite of rectifiers which were originally large electromechanical devices converting AC to DC. The resulting AC frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. These converter/chargers are designed for lithium-ion batteries, that typically store three to four times the energy of a lead/acid battery within the same space, with less weight.A power inverter, inverter or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). Output voltage can be factory adjusted to meet OEM requirements for various lithium-ion battery chemistries and voltages. Units also deliver filtered DC power to the lithium-ion battery to ensure the built-in electronic balancing circuits operate properly. BATTERY POWER CONVERTER SERIESStandard features of the Inteli-Power 9100L series converter/chargers include reverse battery protection, electronic current limiting, low line and high voltage protection and a variable speed intelligent cooling fan. Lithium-ion batteries require special balancing circuits and chargers to prevent overcharging a cell or discharging too much. These 12 volt and 24 volt lithium-ion battery converter/chargers are designed to meet the stringent voltages required for properly charging and maintaining lithium batteries. A lithium-ion battery converter/charger, the Inteli-Power 9100L series, is available from Progressive Dynamics, Inc.
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